Discussion
The intrinsic impedance of a good conductor has a phase angle of
Answer: C
Correct answer: forty-five degrees
In a good conductor the conduction current overwhelms the displacement current, and the intrinsic impedance becomes \[ \eta = \sqrt{\frac{j\omega\mu}{\sigma}} = \sqrt{\frac{\omega\mu}{\sigma}}\,\angle 45^{\circ}. \] The angle is 45 degrees regardless of frequency - only the magnitude changes with it - and it means the magnetic field lags the electric field by an eighth of a cycle inside the metal.
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