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At normal incidence on a boundary between two media the reflection coefficient is

  • A.\( (\eta_1 - \eta_2)/(\eta_1\eta_2) \)
  • B.\( \eta_2/\eta_1 \)
  • C.\( (\eta_2 + \eta_1)/(\eta_2 - \eta_1) \)
  • D.\( (\eta_2 - \eta_1)/(\eta_2 + \eta_1) \)

Answer: D

Correct answer: \( (\eta_2 - \eta_1)/(\eta_2 + \eta_1) \)

\[ \Gamma = \frac{\eta_2-\eta_1}{\eta_2+\eta_1}. \] The form is the same as the transmission line result with impedances in place of characteristic impedances. Equal impedances give zero, which is the matched case; a perfect conductor has \( \eta_2 = 0 \) and gives \( \Gamma = -1 \), a complete reflection with a phase reversal.

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