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A half-wave plate in optics works by

  • A.attenuating one polarisation component completely
  • B.rotating the wave's direction of travel through ninety degrees
  • C.converting the wave from linear to circular polarisation
  • D.retarding one polarisation component by half a wavelength relative to the other

Answer: D

The two components emerge one hundred and eighty degrees apart in relative phase, which reflects the polarisation direction about the plate's axis. A quarter-wave plate, giving ninety degrees, converts linear to circular polarisation instead.

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