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If a wave of frequency 100 MHz propagates in the free space, then value of propagation constant will be :

  • A.∞
  • B.\(j\,1.05\ \text{m}^{-1}\)
  • C.\(j\,0.03\ \text{nm}^{-1}\)
  • D.\(j\,2.09\ \text{m}^{-1}\)

Answer: D

The propagation constant is \(j\,2.09\ \text{m}^{-1}\).

In lossless free space the attenuation constant is zero, so the propagation constant \(\gamma = \alpha + j\beta\) is purely imaginary, with \(\beta = \omega/c\).

\[ \begin{aligned} \beta &= \frac{2\pi f}{c} = \frac{2\pi \times 10^{8}}{3 \times 10^{8}} \\ &\approx 2.09\ \text{rad/m} \end{aligned} \]

So \(\gamma = j\,2.09\ \text{m}^{-1}\), matching a wavelength of 3 m. \(j\,1.05\) leaves out the factor 2 in \(2\pi\), and \(j\,0.03\ \text{nm}^{-1}\) has the wrong unit. The constant is finite, so infinity is wrong.

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