Discussion
If an electromagnetic wave is propagating in a medium with permittivity \(\varepsilon\) and permeability \(\mu\), then \(\sqrt{\frac{\mu}{\varepsilon}}\) is :
Answer: C
\(\sqrt{\mu/\varepsilon}\) is the intrinsic impedance of the medium.
For a plane wave, the ratio of the electric to the magnetic field amplitude is \(E/H = \sqrt{\mu/\varepsilon} = \eta\), measured in ohms. In free space it is about 377 Ω.
The refractive index is a different combination, \(n = \sqrt{\mu\varepsilon/\mu_{0}\varepsilon_{0}}\), which involves the product, not the ratio. The square root of n has no special role, and energy density depends on the field strengths, not on the material constants alone.
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