Discussion
Circular polarization of EM wave means electric and magnetic field must have :
Answer: C
Circular polarization needs two orthogonal linear components with the same magnitude and a phase difference in odd multiples of 90°.
If \(E_{x} = E_{0}\cos\omega t\) and \(E_{y} = E_{0}\sin\omega t\), equal in amplitude and 90° apart, the tip of the field vector traces a circle of constant radius E0 as it rotates.
With a phase difference of 0 or 180° (even multiples of 90°) the components stay in step and the result is linear polarization. Unequal magnitudes with a 90° difference give elliptical polarization, and merely having non-zero transverse components says nothing about the shape traced.
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