Discussion
Which one of the following steps is used to remove phosphatides from crude oil in the refining process?
Answer: C
Phosphatides are removed by degumming.
Crude oils, especially soybean oil, contain phospholipids (phosphatides, the gums) that hydrate and settle out. In degumming the oil is treated with water or dilute acid; the hydrated gums are separated by centrifugation and are the source of commercial lecithin.
Neutralization removes free fatty acids as soaps, bleaching removes pigments with adsorbent earths, and deodorization strips volatile odour compounds by steam distillation under vacuum.
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