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What kind of molecular change does an ultraviolet photon cause?

  • A.A nuclear spin flips in a magnetic field
  • B.An electron moves to a higher orbital
  • C.A bond stretches or bends more vigorously
  • D.The whole molecule rotates faster

Answer: B

Ultraviolet and visible photons carry a few electron volts, enough to promote an electron between molecular orbitals. Vibration needs the tenths of an electron volt an infrared photon carries, rotation far less, and nuclear spin transitions a millionth as much. That the energy required orders the techniques from X-ray down to radio frequency is the single idea that organises the whole of spectroscopy.

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