Discussion
Which transition requires the most energy?
Answer: C
A sigma bonding electron is the most tightly held, so promoting it to the corresponding antibonding orbital needs the largest energy and the shortest wavelength - below about 150 nanometres, which is why saturated hydrocarbons are transparent in the usual range and make good solvents. The others require progressively less. Ordering the four transitions by energy explains at once which compounds absorb where a spectrophotometer can see them. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.
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