Discussion
Which promotion happens at the longest wavelength of the four?
Answer: D
Promoting a non-bonding electron into a pi antibonding orbital costs the least, giving bands at the long-wavelength end, often above 280 nanometres. It is also a weak transition, with molar absorptivities of tens rather than thousands, because the orbitals overlap poorly. A band that is both long in wavelength and weak in intensity is the signature of this transition, and the two properties together identify it more reliably than either alone. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.
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