Discussion
In water rather than hexane, a lone-pair band moves to the blue. Why?
Answer: C
A polar or hydrogen-bonding solvent interacts strongly with the lone pair in the ground state, lowering its energy and widening the gap - the opposite of what happens to a pi to pi star band. The excited state here is less polar rather than more. That the two transitions move in opposite directions with solvent polarity is the most reliable way to tell them apart, and it costs only a second spectrum in a different solvent. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.
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