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Ethanol and water form an azeotrope at about 95 per cent ethanol, which means that ordinary distillation

  • A.cannot produce ethanol stronger than that
  • B.produces pure ethanol given enough stages
  • C.produces pure water as the distillate
  • D.cannot separate the two components at all

Answer: A

Once the azeotropic composition is reached the vapour and liquid are identical and no further enrichment occurs. Anhydrous ethanol requires an entrainer, a membrane or a molecular sieve instead. The last few per cent of water is the expensive part.

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