Discussion
The gradient of a scalar field is a vector that points
Answer: C
Correct answer: in the direction of the greatest rate of increase of the scalar
The gradient points uphill, along the steepest ascent, and its magnitude is the rate of change in that direction. It is therefore perpendicular to the surfaces on which the scalar is constant - which is why the electric field, being the negative gradient of potential, is perpendicular to the equipotentials.
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