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The gradient of \( V = x^2 y \) is

  • A.\( 2x\,\mathbf{a}_x + y\,\mathbf{a}_y \)
  • B.\( 2xy + x^2 \)
  • C.\( 2xy\,\mathbf{a}_x + x^2\mathbf{a}_y \)
  • D.\( x^2 y (\mathbf{a}_x + \mathbf{a}_y) \)

Answer: C

Correct answer: \( 2xy\,\mathbf{a}_x + x^2\mathbf{a}_y \)

Each component of the gradient is the partial derivative with respect to that coordinate: \( \partial V/\partial x = 2xy \), \( \partial V/\partial y = x^2 \), and \( \partial V/\partial z = 0 \). Note that y is held constant while differentiating with respect to x, which is what leaves the y in the first component.

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