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A student computes the divergence of a spherical radial field using the Cartesian formula and obtains the wrong answer. The reason is that

  • A.the divergence is not defined in spherical coordinates at all
  • B.the radial unit vector has a magnitude that varies with radius
  • C.the Cartesian formula applies only to fields with a single component
  • D.the metric factors of the curvilinear system have been ignored

Answer: D

In a curvilinear system the coordinate differentials are not all lengths and the unit vectors turn with position, and both effects appear as the metric factors of the operator. Only in Cartesian coordinates do those factors reduce to unity.

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