Discussion
Which quantity equals the Coriolis parameter?
Answer: D
The planetary vorticity is the vertical component of twice the Earth's rotation vector, which is exactly \( f = 2\Omega\sin\phi \). It is therefore zero at the equator and about \( 1.45 \times 10^{-4} \) per second at the pole. Since typical relative vorticity in a synoptic system is around \( 10^{-5} \) per second, planetary vorticity usually dominates in mid-latitudes, which has important consequences for the conservation arguments that follow. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.
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