Discussion
Which quantity does Ertel's potential vorticity include beyond absolute vorticity?
Answer: A
Ertel's potential vorticity is the absolute vorticity vector dotted with the gradient of potential temperature and divided by density, so it combines rotation with stratification. That combination is conserved following adiabatic frictionless motion in a fully three-dimensional stratified flow. The Coriolis parameter is already inside the absolute vorticity, and divergence and circulation are different quantities entirely. Reading the definition literally, rather than recalling a formula, is the reliable route through questions of this shape.
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