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Which relationship holds between vorticity advection and surface pressure change?

  • A.Positive vorticity advection aloft favours surface pressure rises as the column is compressed beneath
  • B.There is no relationship
  • C.The relationship depends on whether the advection is occurring above or below the level of the jet core
  • D.Positive vorticity advection aloft favours surface pressure falls

Answer: D

Ascent forced by positive vorticity advection requires divergence aloft, and if that exceeds the convergence below the column loses mass and the surface pressure falls. This is the dynamical basis of the classical forecasting rule that surface lows deepen beneath and downstream of upper troughs. The relationship holds regardless of the level, though the strongest advection is usually found near the jet. The quantity that varies and the quantity that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.

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