Discussion
Which chart feature corresponds to a maximum of geostrophic relative vorticity?
Answer: A
Vorticity is the Laplacian of the height field, so it is largest where that field is most sharply concave, which occurs at the base of a well defined trough. A ridge crest is convex and gives a vorticity minimum. Straight evenly spaced contours give zero, and a col is a saddle at which the two curvatures largely cancel. Estimating vorticity from contour shape is a valuable analytical habit. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.
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