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The line integral of the tangential velocity around a closed curve is called the _____.

  • A.vorticity, which is instead the local curl of the velocity field evaluated at an individual point
  • B.helicity
  • C.divergence, which measures the net rate at which fluid is flowing outward across the closed curve
  • D.circulation

Answer: D

Circulation is the integral measure of rotation around a loop, related to vorticity through Stokes' theorem. Vorticity is the corresponding local quantity, helicity involves the dot product of velocity with vorticity, and the net outward flux across the curve is what measures divergence rather than rotation. Distinguishing an integral from a local quantity is the essential step here.

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