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Arrange the following in order of increasing typical vorticity magnitude.

1. Tornado

2. Mid-latitude cyclone

3. Hurricane core

4. Coriolis parameter in mid-latitudes

Select the correct sequence.

  • A.2, 4, 3, 1
  • B.1, 2, 3, 4
  • C.4, 2, 3, 1
  • D.2, 3, 4, 1

Answer: A

The mid-latitude cyclone at \( 10^{-5} \) comes first, then the Coriolis parameter at \( 10^{-4} \), then the hurricane core at \( 10^{-2} \), then the tornado at \( 10^{-1} \) per second, giving the order 2, 4, 3, 1. That the Coriolis parameter exceeds synoptic relative vorticity is the quantitative statement that the Rossby number is small, and it is worth noticing explicitly rather than passing over. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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