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Which effect does friction have on the vorticity of a surface cyclone?

  • A.It has no effect
  • B.It converts relative vorticity into planetary vorticity as the system moves polewards across the flow
  • C.It destroys vorticity through Ekman pumping
  • D.It generates vorticity by turning the wind across the isobars towards the low pressure at the centre

Answer: C

Convergence in the frictional boundary layer forces air upward out of it, and the associated divergence within the layer reduces the vorticity, spinning the vortex down over about four days. The inward turning of the wind is the mechanism by which this happens rather than a source of vorticity. Planetary and relative vorticity are exchanged by the beta effect rather than by friction.

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