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Which process does deformation drive in a temperature field?

  • A.The vertical mixing of heat between the boundary layer and the free troposphere above it during the day
  • B.Radiative cooling
  • C.The conversion of available potential energy into the kinetic energy of a developing baroclinic wave
  • D.Frontogenesis

Answer: D

A deformation field whose axis of dilatation lies at less than forty five degrees to the isotherms concentrates them, sharpening the temperature gradient into a front. This is the classical frontogenesis mechanism and it is why fronts form preferentially in confluent flow regions such as cols. Vertical mixing and radiation are thermodynamic processes, and the energy conversion is the consequence of the ageostrophic circulation that frontogenesis forces.

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