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Which flow has zero vorticity everywhere except at the centre?

  • A.An irrotational vortex with speed inversely proportional to radius
  • B.A solid body rotation, in which every fluid element travels around the centre with the same period
  • C.A uniform straight flow
  • D.A jet with a maximum at the centre and speed decreasing outward symmetrically on either side of it

Answer: A

In a potential or irrotational vortex the tangential speed falls as one over the radius, and the curvature and shear contributions to vorticity cancel exactly everywhere except at the singularity. This is the outer flow of a bathtub vortex or a tornado. Solid body rotation has uniform non-zero vorticity, uniform flow has none anywhere including any centre, and a jet has shear vorticity on both flanks. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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