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Which quantity is conserved as a vortex ring propagates through still fluid?

  • A.Its translational speed, which remains constant because there is no drag acting upon the ring involved
  • B.Its diameter
  • C.Its vorticity, which stays the same at every point of the core as the ring travels through the fluid
  • D.Its circulation

Answer: D

Kelvin's theorem gives conservation of circulation for the material loop threading the ring, which is why smoke rings persist so remarkably far. The speed decreases slowly as viscosity diffuses the core, the diameter grows as it does so, and the peak vorticity falls correspondingly. Circulation is the robust invariant, and its conservation is what holds the structure together for so long.

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