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Which practical difficulty affects the computation of vorticity from observations?

  • A.Wind observations are irregularly spaced and noisy
  • B.Vorticity requires a measurement of the vertical velocity, which cannot be observed directly at all
  • C.Vorticity is not a physical quantity
  • D.The Coriolis parameter must be known to a precision greater than routine navigation data can supply

Answer: A

Computing a derivative from scattered noisy observations amplifies the error, so vorticity fields are usually derived from an analysed wind field that has already been smoothed and balanced. Vertical velocity does not enter the vertical component of vorticity at all, vorticity is entirely physical, and the Coriolis parameter is known to far greater precision than anything else in the calculation. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.

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