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Which estimate of vorticity does a strongly curved trough with 20 metres per second flow give?

  • A.About 4 times 10 to the power minus 3 per second, which would be comparable with a hurricane core
  • B.About 4 times 10 to the power minus 7 per second
  • C.A value that cannot be estimated without knowing the cross-stream shear of the wind at that location
  • D.About 4 times 10 to the power minus 5 per second for a radius of 500 kilometres

Answer: D

Dividing 20 metres per second by a radius of \( 5 \times 10^{5} \) metres gives \( 4 \times 10^{-5} \) per second from curvature alone, which is a substantial fraction of the Coriolis parameter and a clearly significant vorticity maximum. Shear would add to this but the curvature term alone gives a useful estimate, which is exactly why the natural coordinate decomposition is so handy for reading a chart by eye.

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