Discussion
Excess level of nitrate in the drinking water causes ............. to human infants.
Answer: B
Excess nitrate causes blue baby syndrome in infants.
In an infant's gut, nitrate is reduced to nitrite, which oxidises haemoglobin to methaemoglobin. Methaemoglobin cannot carry oxygen, so the baby turns bluish (methaemoglobinaemia). This is why the BIS limit for nitrate in drinking water is 45 mg/L.
Itai-itai disease was cadmium poisoning in Japan, fluorosis comes from excess fluoride, and nerve damage is typical of lead or mercury exposure, not of nitrate.
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