Discussion
State whether the following is true or false.
Ion exchange softening reduces the total dissolved solids of the water.
Answer: B
Correct answer: False
Nothing is removed - ions are swapped. Each calcium ion leaving is replaced by two sodium ions, so the total dissolved solids stays much the same and may rise slightly by mass. What changes is which ions are present, and that is enough for textile purposes because sodium salts do not precipitate with soap or scale on the fibre. Reducing the total dissolved solids requires reverse osmosis or demineralisation.
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