Discussion
Hardness of water is caused chiefly by dissolved salts of
Answer: A
Correct answer: calcium and magnesium
Hardness is the property that prevents lather forming with soap, and it is caused by dissolved divalent cations, in practice almost entirely calcium and magnesium. Sodium and potassium salts are soluble and do not interfere; iron and manganese occur in far smaller amounts. The two hardness ions are also the ones that deposit scale on heating, which is why the same measure serves both problems.
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