Discussion
Calcium sulphate forms a hard scale rather than a sludge because its solubility
Answer: B
Correct answer: decreases with rising temperature
Calcium sulphate has retrograde solubility, so it becomes less soluble as the water is heated. It therefore reaches saturation first at the hottest surface - the tube wall - and crystallises directly on to it as a hard adherent scale. A salt whose solubility rose with temperature would precipitate in the bulk instead and form a removable sludge.
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