Discussion
Assertion: calcium sulphate forms scale rather than sludge in a boiler. Reason: its solubility falls as the temperature rises.
Answer: B
Correct answer: both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason explains the assertion
Both are true and the reason is exactly the mechanism. Because calcium sulphate becomes less soluble as temperature rises, saturation is reached first at the hottest surface in the boiler, which is the tube wall, so the salt crystallises directly on to the metal as an adherent scale. A salt behaving the other way would precipitate in the cooler bulk water and settle out as sludge.
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