Discussion
The net water level elevation near the coast arising due to a tropical-cyclone-induced storm is a combination of the following factors _________.
Answer: B
The answer is wind-induced waves, astronomical tides, and distant cyclonic storm.
The total water level at the coast during a cyclone is the sum of three parts: the astronomical tide at that moment; the storm surge, the rise produced by the cyclone's winds piling water against the coast and its low pressure lifting the sea surface (the 'cyclonic storm' contribution); and the set-up and run-up of the wind-generated waves breaking on the shore. The worst flooding comes when a large surge arrives at high tide with heavy waves on top.
The option with tides and the storm alone leaves out wave set-up. Coastal currents and river flow can matter locally, but they are not among the standard components of the storm water level, so the options substituting them for wind waves are incomplete.
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