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Freeze-thaw weathering breaks rock because water expands on freezing by about

  • A.25 per cent
  • B.50 per cent
  • C.9 per cent
  • D.1 per cent

Answer: C

That expansion in a confined joint generates pressures well beyond the tensile strength of most rocks. It requires repeated crossing of the freezing point rather than merely cold conditions, so it is most active in temperate uplands.

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