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A cutting in fresh rock stands at 70 degrees, but the same rock weathered fails at 40 degrees. The explanation is that weathering has

  • A.increased the rock's density and weight
  • B.cemented the joints closed
  • C.lowered the friction along relict joint surfaces
  • D.removed the joints from the rock mass

Answer: C

Correct answer: lowered the friction along relict joint surfaces

Weathering leaves the original joints in place as relict discontinuities and coats them with clay produced by the decomposition of the minerals along them. Those clay-coated surfaces have a far lower friction angle than the fresh rock joints, so the slope fails on them at an angle at which the fresh rock would stand. The rock looks similar and behaves quite differently, which is why weathering grade must be logged in a slope investigation.

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