Discussion
Assertion: freeze-thaw weathering is most severe in permanently frozen ground. Reason: water expands by about nine per cent when it freezes.
Answer: A
Correct answer: the assertion is false although the reason offered is a true statement in itself
The reason is correct - water does expand by about nine per cent on freezing - but the assertion inverts the condition required. Damage is done by the cycle: each freeze prises the crack wider and each thaw admits more water. Permanently frozen ground gives no cycles, so freeze-thaw is most severe where the temperature crosses zero frequently, as in high mountains and periglacial regions.
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