Discussion
A soil has a bulk density of 22 kN/m3 and water content 10%. The dry density of soil is :
Answer: D
The dry density is 20 kN/m3.
Bulk density counts the water along with the solids. Removing the water means dividing by \(1 + w\), with the water content as a fraction:
\[ \begin{aligned} \gamma_d &= \frac{\gamma}{1 + w} \\ &= \frac{22}{1 + 0.10} = 20\ \text{kN/m}^{3} \end{aligned} \]
18.6 kN/m3 does not follow from the relation at all. 22 kN/m3 ignores the water, and 23.2 kN/m3 adds water instead of removing it. Dry density must be less than the bulk value whenever the soil holds any water.
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