Discussion
Assertion (A): A fluorescently whitened sample can show a reflectance factor greater than 100 per cent.
Reason (R): The emitted fluorescent light adds to the light reflected at the same wavelength, so the total leaving the sample exceeds that leaving the perfect diffuser.
Answer: B
Both are true and the reason gives the mechanism, and the effect is confined to the blue region where the whitener emits. Reflectance factor compares the sample against a perfect reflecting diffuser under the same illumination, and fluorescence supplies energy from outside the measured band.
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