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Comparing whiteness values computed by different formulae for the same set of samples is unsafe because

  • A.some formulae are calculated from transmittance rather than reflectance
  • B.the underlying spectral data differ between one formula and another
  • C.each formula has its own scale and weighting of the same measurements
  • D.the different formulae require entirely different measuring instruments

Answer: C

All the formulae start from the same tristimulus values but combine them with different coefficients. A Berger value and a CIE value for one sample are simply different numbers, so only ranks within one formula are comparable.

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