Discussion
Which issue becomes most significant when scaling a LAN design into a WAN ?
Answer: A
The issue that becomes most significant is propagation delay.
The defining change from a LAN to a WAN is distance. In a LAN, signals cross a building in well under a microsecond, but over a WAN they travel hundreds or thousands of kilometres, at roughly 5 microseconds per kilometre in fibre, so a cross-country round trip takes tens of milliseconds. That delay cannot be engineered away, and protocols must be designed around it, with larger windows, longer timeouts and fewer round trips.
Bandwidth on WAN links is costlier, but it can be bought, whereas propagation delay is set by physics. Duplex mismatch and connector differences are local cabling and configuration faults that occur in a LAN as much as in a WAN.
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