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The principal reason computational fluid dynamics has not replaced wind-tunnel testing is

  • A.CFD cannot handle subsonic flow
  • B.Turbulence and separation still need experimental validation
  • C.Computers are not fast enough for any aerodynamic calculation
  • D.Tunnels are cheaper to run than computers

Answer: B

Attached, well-behaved flows are computed reliably, but transition, separation and unsteady turbulent behaviour still depend on models that must be calibrated and checked against experiment. The two are used together, with the tunnel anchoring the computation rather than competing with it.

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