Discussion
The rate of infiltration normally declines rapidly during the early part of a rainstorm and reaches a constant value after several hours of rainfall. The factors responsible for this phenomenon are
- the filling of fine soil pores with water, which reduces capillary forces
- moistened soil causing clay particles to swell and reduce the size of the pores
- raindrop impact breaking up soil clumps and splashing fine particles into the pores
Answer: D
All three factors reduce infiltration as a storm goes on. Water fills the fine pores, so the capillary suction that first drew it in disappears; wetted clay particles swell and squeeze the pores narrower; and raindrop impact breaks the surface clods apart, washing fine particles into the remaining openings and sealing the surface.
The rate therefore falls steeply at first and then levels off at the soil's saturated permeability.
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