Discussion
Block mountains are formed by
Answer: D
Correct answer: The uplift of land between two parallel faults
Block mountains, also called horsts, form where the crust is stretched and fractures, and a block between two parallel faults is either lifted or left standing while the ground on either side drops. The sunken counterpart is a graben, or rift valley. They are recognisable by their steep, straight fault-scarp sides and comparatively flat tops, quite unlike the crumpled strata of fold mountains. India’s Satpura and Vindhya ranges are of this type, with the Narmada flowing in the rift between them - which is why the Narmada runs west in a straight valley rather than meandering east like other peninsular rivers. Elsewhere the Sierra Nevada, the Vosges and Black Forest, and the East African Rift shoulders are examples. Fold mountains such as the Himalaya arise from compression at converging plates; volcanic mountains from erupted material; and residual mountains from the erosion of higher ground.
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