Discussion
An artesian well is one in which water
Answer: A
Correct answer: Rises to the surface without pumping, under natural pressure
An artesian well taps a confined aquifer - a permeable layer sandwiched between impermeable ones - whose recharge area lies at higher ground. The water in it is therefore under pressure, and when the confining layer is pierced the water rises of its own accord, sometimes flowing freely at the surface. Three conditions are required: a permeable aquifer, impermeable layers above and below, and the recharge zone at a greater elevation than the wellhead. The level to which the water would rise if unimpeded is the piezometric surface, and a well only flows freely if its top lies below that surface. The name comes from Artois in France, where such wells were drilled in the twelfth century. The Great Artesian Basin of Australia is the largest example, underlying a fifth of the continent and making pastoral use of the arid interior possible. An ordinary well in an unconfined aquifer has no such pressure and must be pumped.
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