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The El Niño phenomenon is associated with the warming of which ocean?

  • A.The Pacific
  • B.The Atlantic
  • C.The Indian
  • D.The Arctic

Answer: C

Correct answer: The Pacific

El Niño is an unusual warming of surface waters in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, recurring irregularly every two to seven years. Normally the trade winds push warm water westward, allowing cold, nutrient-rich water to well up off South America. During an El Niño those winds slacken or reverse, the warm pool spreads back east, and the upwelling shuts down - which collapses the Peruvian anchovy fishery, the effect that gave the phenomenon its name among local fishermen, who noticed it appearing around Christmas. Its consequences are global: drought in Australia and Indonesia, heavy rain in Peru and Ecuador, and a weakened Indian monsoon, which is why the Indian Meteorological Department watches it closely. Its cold counterpart is La Niña, and the pair together with the associated pressure seesaw are known as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, or ENSO.

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