Discussion
A biodiversity hotspot is best described as a region that
Answer: D
Correct answer: Has exceptional species richness and is under serious threat
A biodiversity hotspot must satisfy two conditions: it holds at least 1,500 endemic vascular plant species - species found nowhere else - and it has lost at least 70 per cent of its original habitat. The second criterion is what makes the concept useful. Richness alone would simply identify the tropics; adding threat identifies where conservation spending will save the most species per rupee. The idea was introduced by Norman Myers in 1988, and about 36 hotspots are now recognised, together holding a large share of the world’s endemic species on a small fraction of its land. Four lie wholly or partly in India: the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, the Eastern Himalaya as part of the Himalaya hotspot, Indo-Burma covering the northeast, and Sundaland including the Nicobar Islands. The word hotspot is used quite differently in geology, where it means a plume of rising mantle such as the one beneath Hawaii.
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