Discussion
Consider the following :
1) By reducing the wage rates
2) By extending the working hours
3) By decreasing the productivity of the labour
4) Vibrant trade unianism.
Which of the above is the process of the accumulation of capital to raise the surplus value ?
Answer: B
Statements 1 and 2 are the ways described, so the answer is 1 and 2 only.
In Marx's analysis surplus value is the value workers produce beyond what they are paid. Capitalists can raise it by lengthening the working day, which Marx called absolute surplus value, and by pushing wages down, so that more of the day's product is unpaid.
Decreasing the productivity of labour would reduce surplus value, not raise it; Marx's relative surplus value comes from raising productivity. Vibrant trade unionism pushes wages up and hours down, so it works against the accumulation of capital.
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