Discussion
To measure the temperature below the liquid Nitrogen temperature, we need to use :
Answer: B
The key's answer is Semiconductor diode.
Below 77 K, the temperature of liquid nitrogen, the forward voltage of a silicon (or GaAlAs) diode at constant small current changes strongly and smoothly with temperature. Calibrated diode sensors are standard cryogenic thermometers, usable down to a few kelvin, which is why the key chooses them.
Ordinary thermocouples lose sensitivity as the temperature falls, because their thermoelectric power drops towards zero. A transistor is not used as a thermometer in this range, and an ordinary thermistor's resistance becomes too large to measure well at such low temperatures.
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