Instruction
- Total number of questions : 7
- Time allotted : 10:30 Minutes:Seconds.
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Archaeology [ Question No: 1 To 7 ] :
Which foods are included in the trial of plants that provided the subsidence base for indigenous New World Civilizations ?
Evidence of wild grain harvesting and consumption in Israel dates to as early as :
How long ago did human groups begin actively controlling their food sources by artificially producing conditions under which these sources would grow ?
The difference between simple foragers and complex foragers :
The lake forest Archaic tradition relied on...............resources : the Maritime Archaic hunted................ creatures.
When effect did 'Cold snap' have on human populations ?
The most prominent feature of the food resource base of post Pleistocene Europe :
Total number of questions : 7
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 7
Archaeology [ Question No: 1 To 7 ] :
Which foods are included in the trial of plants that provided the subsidence base for indigenous New World Civilizations ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The foods are maize, beans and squash.
The 'triad' (printed 'trial') of crops domesticated in Mesoamerica, often called the Three Sisters, formed the subsistence (printed 'subsidence') base of the Olmec, Maya, Aztec and other indigenous civilizations of the Americas. Maize supplied starch, beans protein and nitrogen for the soil, and squash vitamins and ground cover.
Rice belongs to Asia, and barley, lentils and wheat to the Fertile Crescent of south-west Asia. The last option, yams (printed 'Yarns'), barley and millet, mixes African and Old World crops.
Evidence of wild grain harvesting and consumption in Israel dates to as early as :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The evidence dates to as early as 20,000 BP.
At Ohalo II, a camp on the shore of the Sea of Galilee in Israel preserved under water, archaeologists found tens of thousands of plant remains, including wild barley and wheat, together with a grinding stone bearing starch grains. The site dates to about 23,000 years ago, so wild grain was being harvested and processed more than ten thousand years before farming began.
12,000, 10,000 and 8,000 BP are the periods of the Natufian culture and early agriculture. The question asks how early the evidence goes, and the oldest option is the one Ohalo II supports.
How long ago did human groups begin actively controlling their food sources by artificially producing conditions under which these sources would grow ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Human groups began producing their food within the past 12,000 years.
Food production, growing plants and raising animals under conditions people created, began after the end of the Pleistocene. The earliest domesticated cereals and animals in south-west Asia date to roughly 11,500 to 10,000 years ago, with other centres following independently.
'Within the past 8,000 years' leaves out the earliest farming, while 15,000 and 20,000 years ago fall in the last glacial period, when people were still foragers, although some, as at Ohalo II, already gathered wild grain.
The difference between simple foragers and complex foragers :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The difference is that complex foragers focus on a few highly productive resources.
Complex foragers, such as the peoples of the North American north-west coast with their salmon runs, concentrate on a few abundant, predictable resources that can be harvested in bulk and stored. Storage lets them live in large permanent villages, accumulate wealth and develop social ranking without farming.
Relying on many different food sources and moving often are the marks of simple foragers, so options B and C describe the wrong group. Irrigation is a technology of agriculture, which complex foragers by definition do not practise.
The lake forest Archaic tradition relied on...............resources : the Maritime Archaic hunted................ creatures.
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The correct pair is Lacustrine : pelagic.
The Lake Forest Archaic tradition of the Great Lakes region in North America depended on lake resources, fish above all, which is what lacustrine means. The Maritime Archaic people of the north-east Atlantic coast, in Newfoundland and Labrador, hunted pelagic creatures of the open sea, such as swordfish, seals and walrus.
A midden is a refuse heap, not a type of resource, which rules out options A and C, and option D puts the two terms in the wrong traditions: littoral means shore and lacustrine belongs to the lake people.
When effect did 'Cold snap' have on human populations ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The cold snap tested the ability of human beings to adapt.
The question refers to the sudden return of near-glacial cold at the end of the last ice age, usually identified with the Younger Dryas, about 12,900 to 11,700 years ago. Temperatures fell within decades, and human groups had to change their diet, settlement and technology, which archaeologists read as a test of human adaptability.
It certainly had effects, so 'no effect at all' is wrong. Clothing had been worn long before, and there was no general migration of all populations to the equator; people adapted where they were.
The most prominent feature of the food resource base of post Pleistocene Europe :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The most prominent feature was diversity.
As the Pleistocene ended and the climate warmed, the big game of the Ice Age tundra, such as mammoth and reindeer herds, disappeared or moved north, and Europe became forested. Mesolithic people turned to a broad spectrum of foods: red deer, wild boar and smaller game, fish, shellfish, waterfowl, nuts, fruits and seeds.
Dependence on megafauna is what ended. Fur-bearing animals were only one resource among many. New agricultural methods came later, with the spread of farming in the Neolithic, so they were not the feature of the immediate post-Pleistocene food base.
Marks
Total number of questions : 7
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 7