Instruction
- Total number of questions : 20
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Defence and Strategic Studies [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
Who is the first National Security Advisor of India ?
'Operation Green Hunt' was launched :
For whom, the term 'One man boundary force' has been used ?
The US approach in the Cold war was orginally set out in :
What is the strategy of bandwagoning ?
(i) To outsource its security to the regional or global hegemon
(ii) To resist regional or global hegemon
(iii) To extract benefits
The term 'Ring of Fire' relates to :
Which is the only active volcano in India ?
Which of the following days is observed as International Day for Disaster Reduction ?
Which one of the following countries did not take part in the final Nuclear Security Summit held in 2016 ?
What is Neo-realism ?
Which country came into existence due to 1971 war ?
In the context of Indo-Pak relations identify the following events in a chronological order :
(1) The September terrorist attacks on W.T.C. have put new emphasis on strategies of prevention and pre-emption.
(2) Terrorist attacks will demand even better intelligence than the strategies of containment and deterence.
Codes :
What does Paris Accord refer to ?
The Strait which connects Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean is :
Who among the following opined the concept of "Geographical Pivot of History" ?
Wars that seek to capture political power through armed struggle are described as :
The term PGM stands for :
Who coined about the efficient utilisation of defence expenditure in the form of standing army ?
Which one is not a tangible source of national power ?
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20
Defence and Strategic Studies [ Question No: 1 To 20 ] :
Who is the first National Security Advisor of India ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
India's first National Security Advisor was Brajesh Mishra.
The post was created in November 1998 by the Vajpayee government, and Mishra held it together with the post of Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister until 2004.
K. Subrahmanyam headed the task force whose recommendations led to the National Security Council and chaired the first National Security Advisory Board, but he was never NSA. K.P.S. Gill was a police officer, and Ajit Doval is a later NSA, appointed in 2014.
'Operation Green Hunt' was launched :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
Operation Green Hunt was launched to suppress left wing extremism/Naxalism.
'Operation Green Hunt' was the name the media gave to the large offensive by central paramilitary forces and state police against Maoist (Naxalite) insurgents, begun in late 2009 across the 'Red Corridor' states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal and Maharashtra.
It was not aimed at Jammu and Kashmir or at the North-East, whose insurgencies have separate operations. It was not a response to the 26/11 Mumbai attacks either; those led to the National Investigation Agency and coastal security reforms.
For whom, the term 'One man boundary force' has been used ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The term was used for Mahatma Gandhi.
In August 1947, as Partition violence spread, Lord Mountbatten contrasted the Punjab, where a Punjab Boundary Force of some 55,000 soldiers could not stop the killing, with Calcutta, where Gandhi's presence and fast kept the peace. He called Gandhi his 'one-man boundary force'.
Nelson Mandela belongs to South Africa's struggle decades later. The two generals named (the second is Erwin Rommel, misspelt 'Evrin') were military commanders, which is exactly the point of the phrase: Gandhi achieved by moral authority what an armed boundary force could not.
The US approach in the Cold war was orginally set out in :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The answer is Both (A) and (C), the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine.
The American policy of containing Soviet influence was first set out in 1947 through two linked measures. The Truman Doctrine (March 1947) promised support to free peoples resisting subjugation and began with aid to Greece and Turkey. The Marshall Plan (announced in June 1947) used economic aid to rebuild Western Europe so that it would not fall to communism. Truman himself called them two halves of the same walnut. The paper spells Truman as 'Trueman'.
The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 warned European powers off the Western Hemisphere; it is more than a century older than the Cold War. Choosing only one of A or C leaves out half of the policy, which is why the combined option is keyed.
What is the strategy of bandwagoning ?
(i) To outsource its security to the regional or global hegemon
(ii) To resist regional or global hegemon
(iii) To extract benefits
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
Bandwagoning covers statements i and iii, so the answer is Only (i) and (iii) are correct.
A state that bandwagons aligns with the stronger power or hegemon instead of opposing it. In doing so it in effect outsources its security to that power (i) and hopes to extract benefits, a share of the spoils or protection, from the alliance (iii).
Statement ii, resisting the hegemon, is the opposite strategy, balancing, in which states combine against a rising power. Including it makes options A and C wrong, and option B fails because i and iii are correct.
The term 'Ring of Fire' relates to :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The Ring of Fire is an area around Pacific Ocean where maximum number of Volcanic eruptions is witnessed.
The Pacific Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped belt about 40,000 km long around the edges of the Pacific Ocean, from the Andes through North America, the Aleutians, Japan, the Philippines and Indonesia to New Zealand. Along it oceanic plates are subducted beneath other plates, which produces most of the world's active volcanoes and about 90% of its earthquakes.
It is not in the Indian Ocean, and it has nothing to do with forest fire control or military exercises.
Which is the only active volcano in India ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
India's only active volcano is Barren Island.
Barren Island in the Andaman Sea, about 135 km north-east of Port Blair, is India's only confirmed active volcano. It erupted in 1991 after a long quiet period and has had further eruptions since, the result of the subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Burma microplate.
Mount Etna (Sicily) and Mount Vesuvius (near Naples) are active volcanoes in Italy, not India. Christmas Island is an Australian territory in the Indian Ocean and is not an active volcano.
Which of the following days is observed as International Day for Disaster Reduction ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : D
The day is observed on 13th October.
The UN General Assembly began the International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction in 1989, first on the second Wednesday of October. In 2009 it fixed the date at 13 October, and the day was later renamed the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction. It promotes a culture of disaster risk reduction, including prevention, mitigation and preparedness.
The other dates mark different days: 21 June is International Yoga Day, 30 June is International Asteroid Day, and 15 October is International Day of Rural Women.
Which one of the following countries did not take part in the final Nuclear Security Summit held in 2016 ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The country that stayed away was the Russian Federation.
The fourth and final Nuclear Security Summit was held in Washington in March-April 2016, the last of the series begun by President Obama in 2010 to secure nuclear materials against terrorists. Russia, which had attended the earlier summits, boycotted it amid tensions with the United States, criticising the summit process.
The United Kingdom, Kazakhstan and India all took part; India was represented by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
What is Neo-realism ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
Neo-realism is an attempt to restate the basic ideas of realism in a more scientific form.
Kenneth Waltz's Theory of International Politics (1979) recast classical realism as a systemic theory. Instead of rooting conflict in human nature, as Morgenthau did, Waltz explained state behaviour by the anarchic structure of the international system and the distribution of power among states, in a parsimonious, testable form modelled on economics.
Option D describes classical realism, which neo-realism moved away from. Option C is closer to liberal and English School views. Option A is a caricature: realism of any kind claims to face unpleasant realities, not to ignore them.
Which country came into existence due to 1971 war ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : B
The 1971 war created Bangladesh.
The India-Pakistan war of December 1971, fought in support of the liberation struggle in East Pakistan, ended with the surrender of Pakistani forces in Dhaka on 16 December 1971, and East Pakistan became the independent state of Bangladesh.
East Pakistan is the name of the territory before the war, so it did not come into existence because of it. Myanmar (Burma) became independent from Britain in 1948, unrelated to the 1971 war.
In the context of Indo-Pak relations identify the following events in a chronological order :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The correct order is Panchsheel Agreement, Tashkent Agreement, Shimla Agreement, Lahore Declaration.
- Panchsheel Agreement: April 1954 (the India-China agreement that set out the Five Principles).
- Tashkent Agreement: January 1966, after the 1965 India-Pakistan war.
- Shimla Agreement: July 1972, after the 1971 war.
- Lahore Declaration: February 1999, after Prime Minister Vajpayee's bus journey to Lahore.
The first option starts with Tashkent, the second with Shimla, and the fourth places Shimla before Tashkent; each breaks this sequence.
(1) The September terrorist attacks on W.T.C. have put new emphasis on strategies of prevention and pre-emption.
(2) Terrorist attacks will demand even better intelligence than the strategies of containment and deterence.
Codes :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
Both statements are correct, so the answer is (1) and (2) are correct.
After the attacks of 11 September 2001 on the World Trade Center, the United States shifted its emphasis from containment and deterrence, which work against states that have something to lose, to prevention and pre-emption, acting against threats before they materialise; the National Security Strategy of 2002 set this out (1).
Pre-empting terrorists depends on knowing what they plan, so such a strategy demands far better intelligence than containment and deterrence did (2). Since both statements hold, the options marking either as wrong are incorrect.
What does Paris Accord refer to ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The Paris Accord is a climate change agreement.
The Paris Agreement, adopted at COP21 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in December 2015 and in force from November 2016, commits countries to hold global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees, through nationally determined contributions.
It is not a military agreement or a peace accord, and it has nothing to do with the India-Pakistan dispute. Climate change appears in strategic studies as a threat multiplier for security.
The Strait which connects Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean is :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The strait is the Gibraltar Strait.
The Strait of Gibraltar, about 14 km wide at its narrowest, separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa and connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of the world's most important maritime chokepoints.
The Bering Strait separates Russia and Alaska, linking the Pacific and Arctic Oceans. The Bosphorus links the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and the Bab-el-Mandeb links the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden.
Who among the following opined the concept of "Geographical Pivot of History" ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The 'Geographical Pivot of History' is Halford Mackinder's concept.
In a paper of that title read to the Royal Geographical Society in 1904, Mackinder argued that the inner region of Eurasia, the pivot area he later called the Heartland, was the strategic centre of the world. In 1919 he summed it up: who rules East Europe commands the Heartland, who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island, and who rules the World-Island commands the world.
Alexander de Seversky is known for air power, Karl Haushofer (written 'Hanshofe' in the paper) for German Geopolitik, and A. T. Mahan for sea power.
Wars that seek to capture political power through armed struggle are described as :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The key's answer is Insurgency.
An insurgency is an organised movement that uses armed struggle, together with subversion and propaganda, to overthrow a constituted government and take political power. That is how military doctrine, including India's, defines it: a struggle for control of the state carried on against its forces from among the population.
A revolutionary war is a particular kind of insurgency that also seeks to transform society, as in Mao's China. A civil war is a war between organised factions within one state, and terrorism is a method of violence against civilians to create fear, not a type of war defined by its goal.
The term PGM stands for :
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
PGM stands for Precision Guided Munition.
A precision guided munition is a bomb, missile or shell fitted with a guidance system, such as laser, GPS, infrared or radar, so that it can strike a specific target with high accuracy. PGMs were the stand-out weapons of the 1991 Gulf War and are central to the revolution in military affairs.
'Poor Grade Munition' is invented. 'Permanent Guided Missile' and 'Precision Guided Military' look plausible but are not the expansion: the M stands for munition, a word that covers guided bombs and shells as well as missiles.
Who coined about the efficient utilisation of defence expenditure in the form of standing army ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : C
The answer is Adam Smith.
In Book V of The Wealth of Nations, Smith compared a militia, in which citizens train part-time, with a standing army of full-time professional soldiers. Applying his principle of the division of labour, he argued that as war becomes more complex, a standing army of specialists is the more efficient use of a nation's defence spending, and that a well-regulated standing army is superior to any militia.
Ricardo, Say and Malthus wrote on value, markets and population, not on the economics of the standing army.
Which one is not a tangible source of national power ?
Your Answer : (Not Answered)
Correct Answer : A
The intangible source of national power is public support.
Tangible elements of national power can be measured: geography (size, location, resources), population and human resources, industrial capacity and military strength. Intangible elements include national morale, the quality of government and diplomacy, national character, and public support for the government's policies.
Geographical size, industrial capability and human resources are all tangible, so public support is the one that is not.
Marks
Total number of questions : 20
Number of answered questions : 0
Number of unanswered questions : 20